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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： & R3 Y" Y! R9 i' c& Hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 {. Q2 H* n1 B" H0 X6 {$ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">1) Z6 ?* r# x" ]5 S7 W, B P3 I lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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6 x( ?3 H1 I# ?) V9 Q/ |. omso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：3 D3 o1 h, G3 `' o8 }* q/ O7 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。% ^; v: x( o. E5 Tcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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) [3 _+ h% c0 c* P2 }7 r9 M! M; x9 N3 \; \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 h. | [8 P1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 p* f+ V x2 @% f* ?# J" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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}9 W j5 ^1 n( k Omso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？1 r9 Y; a/ {( ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。- c/ ?* |3 F6 l4 y% E# A* _& S: M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服' T3 k% ^ e h7 v' h
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4 t) t: ]: m2 \5 S1 q% t5 ?% DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢0 ]+ J! d5 R/ L! q+ @! I# C1 @0 ]" `
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+ T7 B. b6 Y1 x0 P5 ^. a1 _' Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 S# P" X2 I) d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。& U- |) ^6 P* S; r2 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 @# r4 D( x0 Y9 c; g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学+ U) @7 t: `4 I& k3 ~% L* e
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) C7 Y' C1 V. V; DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么2 S. `& Q/ k6 G, `, Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——& Q f! G8 ~) tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! j. G2 e% X0 x" H' f( y& a5 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？" t: o% l4 @) v
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3 r$ n; e6 S( \4 I3 N0 g3 G% Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。3 k( d2 d7 s$ n( n) d- H0pt"> ( J+ G" |' P( m4 j+ r% E3 PTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 X# Q/ O- s) j8 ^+ J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”* v9 ~. j& a. J0 c+ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% G+ s- b7 j6 c, V6 ^
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4 _- @1 [' ^, c$ n- k2 `+ N. I+ cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。1 n3 }# i+ g; }9 J r
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& S. S3 L) Y: _4 w% F. i3 ?/ {) HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服, A, n% s3 d& E' g6 W( R0pt"> $ ?& k z8 m' F6 b' N4 p) Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 r# \, I/ o- r# p/ z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊+ V5 M2 X% Z' x N* j H1 P& o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚) M* L$ h' }+ x& \4 }% ^6 \- |# E+ n
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' R" T- L* p' P4 J2 l( wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" k- M3 Y N m# M1 p amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 O! |6 f$ X. [4 c- n# `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( l5 H5 f+ R" _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是- x& ~# \- q% K7 j; Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 Z) l* R0 p; G6 d: X3 ^4 o2 R' tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 S0 i$ u8 e: k2 \. r/ fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题% {" C3 h8 J7 |8 c+ C: Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* x1 ^& }% L9 {9 [: vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 W8 ^4 m% p% k$ U% P) c4 q+ l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 j$ Z5 o2 W- F3 p+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ]# T9 u; A. i) ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴# h" r0 w A' n: y! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 G9 @; [8 a7 K- H/ o
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# z$ e U. b* W, Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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