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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 K c/ C' q: X- x. C% n5 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">2/ @1 r! Y7 X4 ^3 ^ kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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- B4 G' B ^# q# Q4 i8 G/ T& ?5 X6 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* R8 B$ q" W5 P* r4 U7 B' O- a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 D( O: M9 {7 n3 a6 W0 l" N2 K" p
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5 R2 n7 T0 o+ w0 M. q2 c) v& FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。1 c5 ^8 K0 k w: ?, ]! i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经0 o2 \& ^8 S: K" L) l" |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。0 h& X+ _2 ], k" Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：4 F- v4 d, n1 S1 e6 Q9 B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是# [' ~* z0 H5 r- ^+ R9 |) z" ]0 {0pt">‘$ e1 S1 o& H; QTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？+ o L1 [6 O2 V" X3 j, Z! w0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，- k: j; R" M* n% S/ X7 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 L! w. j6 z% ^$ X7 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。' k4 N8 w. W! Z c+ H( A
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# d$ p8 f! y5 Z4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐- v& G4 q ]; b/ a; Y& |4 M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& i5 y* v+ ~. _$ p
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' K8 M6 e3 c7 j0 ~8 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种# U4 w4 T3 r/ l8 o# ]3 h; Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ R4 f( v3 j" I$ }( M$ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立$ o* n8 K& N. U; ]$ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 J) v1 H/ O9 r/ E8 A: Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ ]9 w+ v# I0 l* ?: f8 Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的, E+ r5 J/ E, o8 U$ m* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 p5 O1 m; \! m/ {2 l( G( ^% h% c
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1 D" e" @% J" B# |/ j7 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐 |- U$ I5 D3 ^* xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ v) P! y- R/ g3 J4 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，: K9 q. G0 d @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教) U5 [0 {- w# C4 z, N: ~4 i6 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教8 {- I! p# u* G$ E. T: @6 C+ i4 j' b
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+ ], L4 E1 \2 t1 J* t( P5 `4 P6 L! rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。0 H0 K5 `# k" t; o& u1 i9 m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌0 x5 g1 t! |# G3 L) J$ j6 p: }& o# a6 X
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5 l+ L2 B5 k( a5 r; Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视: l0 L# {$ P \
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3 T. H( X' S) @/ Z1 `3 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, j9 X$ T3 H( X7 b' ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ }+ L0 B d7 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。4 W& p5 D' v0 l3 n6 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: Q" i: C- K8 x. N% N
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$ v \, |1 k3 E& ^. X t8 q; jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 M( a: x6 n9 i. _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）# \' |6 p8 o/ C4 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。9 G5 u! r* E0 y( T. y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过4 [, t9 \* |" Y. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) G! u& z1 a# k; A1 @* ^9 _
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E( \. ]7 f. j1 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨, i+ l9 @. e- m% tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 ]8 I' G4 _1 P
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1 g; d, L. K0 ?0 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人! ?" V; Y" f( P, t8 _5 Z/ J* ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ _4 I3 [* m2 m, Y* l3 p7 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 p7 S3 M$ q E+ a6 ~* bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪, ~8 W& L. i d6 T' q% X" J
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9 h7 k. N8 F% O2 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; D: f) p6 j9 C- o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。/ K2 p' j% D% N, B) f' Q% i* s: `) i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。" @4 K1 i8 y. j5 ?
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& T6 Q. C7 v5 H" b" L& f4 L) nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。* ^# i" ~) J( r- ?' n5 ]
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5 V# o2 L; J- o3 s3 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。2 G4 F2 }% i5 z# w! r6 f
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; H, [0 |' B, g9 b9 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃6 u+ c! v5 U; F4 l1 A9 R2 m
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2 {% i/ u- I0 Y% `( bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批! I, M) U# `2 U" F5 P( a" ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) h, g2 ]* q" V$ M
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8 r- u! T# [) `4 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”. z: }: [. a. J$ }9 l$ x2 x. I8 Y1 H
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* N6 ^7 M4 g6 x: K, j: k, mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。( s3 x' e) H9 y+ X3 g) s3 }
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. [' F1 A" S$ y6 z4 [' r; I9 k0 o6 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。8 {+ W* U4 C Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 }3 ] E+ U/ f" H4 T* r0 C; {" M
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! s+ l' b* a. C% e) t+ H. h2 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于 X7 R! M& p4 c @1 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ F' `3 i' H& `2 [8 d0 y/ a
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% o4 X; _6 Z& E4 ~2 p- Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓8 s$ j) j% A6 ^3 M; Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ H5 u! x: W7 B" z9 l& v; H1 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 T W! ?6 @, v6 {1 P8 K r
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9 Q3 G0 e$ q7 D' kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓& _' w4 `: D# o# l- Q# E' `6 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“ I. z' x7 T9 x$ p* D* x5 |8 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ }$ `; G- S- i! y8 _( G7 c+ C+ U _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观/ S& B( Z5 v3 `! fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: z1 Z5 ^- t0 D7 U1 }/ Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# F: f4 O" V; \! {6 x7 Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓% I) \" L2 w5 O* B
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/ Y3 _! |' T) v8 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓: O. n) F2 L3 j- `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼 s: W7 i' B) ?& q
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9 {. b0 l$ `, }( y7 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 n) G- y0 m# G3 g. }6 t# T4 M$ G
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3 E, O% _ O e9 J4 G0 T1 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能4 {4 g1 q! p+ X7 c8 O+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“( d* M4 y' `6 V P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒4 y4 U& ?" J$ t& j3 u. C
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. b3 _& d( R, }; cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹* M3 g+ D( p( W |7 C, I( u
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4 W4 K8 T, {' n! T3 z. X+ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人- s @' i7 i; |9 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“, c) M6 v/ n: B! K1 p) k# `( wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( W" b/ d* z; {6 ^: \; M5 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。4 e8 V: [! z6 p4 @4 W) G- }8 j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。- S9 G6 f$ G( l
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+ L2 o6 f. w, f0 V$ `0 c* n ^7 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等. p1 u) `/ e- {; u; Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
