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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" q' a; [" F2 h6 i: }8 t% G. Y' D% _/ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ. T! R! E4 L Y
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. F0 q7 H+ r+ [) y+ cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。; V- X7 U3 k* r+ e( {4 g5 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; A' s; B$ Q4 W+ E0 p
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( l' L9 e" E6 E' H! u% f4 G5 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! _# Y8 C4 o" lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ D- X. ~9 ^) X9 T/ wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;$ W) H+ ^* M5 }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' q$ a3 T. n) U$ J/ H4 S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：+ m b4 }3 I0 Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。) a, f% P# ?2 a( `9 scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- f0 `7 b0 }- A5 |; b& _" I
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$ B' A" R# U; S" o3 r4 J% P8 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：% w# u0 u2 o" ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 W, y' k' x* i* N( D- O& o% Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 w0 C$ C! \0 s; D T7 B
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？/ u+ ]3 W9 m$ H( ~9 _/ f
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* T; A1 [/ @( Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：# u r4 m3 o* V z: g' g Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“( C3 |0 y& X: W4 P, hmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
9 Y( t( u; v' Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。( c. ~7 G. h$ f2 \6 i% x# zcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。 J# L6 f5 S' I6 E/ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 \6 J: {. i0 W# y4 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：3 _% X8 {$ ]) i2 f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 K- }! {& O4 l' m3 e6 X1 X: f% bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
, w) Y( [/ k6 S" y1 g' ^/ amso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。. j4 ]: T8 p7 ]% a$ I# x# M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：5 Q5 l& j& Y2 K% g+ p' @1 R, I0pt">"& ~# h7 v+ o, p, S" h$ V, x! omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
2 K* Y! E- P5 {; z5 V) Q6 C6 J& \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。) v6 n. ?% d- z9 g& q( V& K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：+ B' x& _' y/ `7 Y+ y% R( p6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">"" S- J. F( F* F4 ~# g: O
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: O& J8 l1 v5 }6 b( _7 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢% A8 \4 P" p/ H0 Y, gmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" b# y' `+ k+ v& o1 {! vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 _, \- N+ R6 H9 }7 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! e( x# a5 B, x4 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">"# w. Q9 Z' {) ]5 f& Z/ [9 O% b# Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 _% c3 `9 T/ ]6 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。7 {, T* o5 S- y0 i0 x2 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得2 c+ Y( b" v7 `( d- I; I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# ^# p$ t, Z1 O4 `, i. e5 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 z/ k; R! \- {+ \! e7 w$ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( J6 s1 L) n, m% n/ b( m) pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违- E' s4 `" @/ T5 C7 H+ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 \1 E' }# i: s: N
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0 L3 m7 h, }- I3 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，5 H( o8 |( f) d" e& a: N+ i2 ^
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2 G4 g3 C- x8 Z) c4 N0 E Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! l' |. M- ~0 q# V3 k2 h: R; Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”) w2 A; O7 g N' V/ k* cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 {: Y1 i% R; {$ |7 a C, t5 i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。' s7 s4 u' n1 A' q( q% P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。0 I$ r5 Q! s: bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' a- j, F, Y4 M2 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！# x, Y' A4 J$ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 y4 y5 B* P5 _0 h+ N
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2 d0 s7 v: F7 {' }9 C, W5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。1 n4 e0 }; I; l2 @, G+ K' }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# x. v8 }) f/ b4 V4 o3 ?% n8 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述" {2 M5 e& p9 D! }6 p* W& |" |
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1 j ^: W4 k' o: c/ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊" Z+ J7 u# ?5 j) U3 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。& i$ d) B. L3 l) Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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h( o$ H Q* y8 e- s2 Y2 tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。8 H8 B1 v, A1 y3 N z, @6 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; s1 s# |9 I1 D8 U( l
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 Y7 ^" D5 G- a5 B- S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- J( F' b, I) ^0 Y& E, Q* \3 c9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ I( U2 y- Z" j7 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* S' ?% {; k: d* m" f% P% U
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：/ y8 G0 v( g, D6 i& ]# k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。" t3 i/ r0 E# Q
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ f! ^6 Y5 H+ }. a3 X8 C2 O4 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, F- r k2 I: E0 F0 e. Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个& d. j2 c( o# X$ W
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. j7 J. k8 I# C p. B l) Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 K/ o/ G9 u: \4 B9 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 s( |* i$ g- @$ X2 v" r9 d0 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# ?# _9 g! i( H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为( s2 ?7 T& H2 g1 d/ g
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% R; H0 P/ e! l" Q# E3 m* afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 _+ B/ n4 ` \4 |6 o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道( Z7 @: T" d. m( s, _/ a! }) |8 C
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$ K! R0 u/ s0 T: ^1 t$ w+ [) C* amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。2 @1 A+ ~$ ]1 V, |+ e$ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 b& Z& U* F l, C% F& Q: r- JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! v0 }% R. A! o6 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺 b2 w6 h! A5 B; y! }6 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 n4 \/ \5 W6 i7 E1 `' y% Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( y: k @+ t+ I( }' b0 _9 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思9 M d, R: ?% o* S
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